Day: სექტემბერი 18, 2021

The IRGC and other allies of the Supreme Leader in various Iranian institutions have reiterated his position. In January 2014, Iran sent some warships into the Atlantic Ocean for the first time ever, presumably to try to demonstrate growing naval strength. Senate Armed Services Committee, February 2015, p. 14. In September 2000, the State Department designated the IMU as an FTO.113 The IMU itself has not claimed responsibility for any terrorist attacks in Iran and appears focused primarily on activities against the governments of Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. There are press reports that Iran and the Asad regime are seeking to alter the sectarian population balance in northern Syria to favor Shiites, perhaps as part of an Iranian strategy to establish a secure land corridor extending from Iran all the way to Lebanon. Information in this section is derived from author visits to the GCC states since 1993 and conversations with U.S. and Gulf state diplomats. 51 (1865) Announcing Death President Abraham Lincoln, General Order No. Iran has established some training and education programs that bring young Muslims to study in Iran. His consistent refrain, and the title of his book widely available in Iran, is “I am a revolutionary, not a diplomat.”. Shavkat Jumatov is on Facebook. One short-range ballistic missile (the Qiam) was first tested in August 2010. Iran remained the foremost state sponsor of terrorism in 2015, providing a range of support, including financial, training, and equipment, to groups around the world— particularly Hizballah. The two sides signed a number of agreements in the fields of oil and gas, railroads, tourism, and technology, and agreed to reestablish direct flights between Tehran and Seoul. In September 2014, Kenya detained two Iranian men on suspicion of intent to carry out a terrorist attack there. He added that Iran “will not. Resolution 2231 of July 20, 2015 (the only currently operative Security Council resolution on Iran) “calls on” Iran not to develop or test ballistic missiles “designed to be capable of” delivering a nuclear weapon, for up to eight years. The JCPOA itself does not specifically contain ballistic missile restraints. 294 (1917) Identification Tags ("Dog Tags"), General Order No. Golden Boy CEO Oscar De La Hoya announced on Twitter that Garcia’s fight next month stood canceled. unveiled discovery of alleged plot involving at least one IRGC-QF officer, to assassinate Saudi Ambassador in Washington, DC. Golden Boy Promotions UFC news, analysis, videos and pictures. 52, [USS] Joseph Hewes APA22 War Damage Report No. Iran has generally tilted toward Armenia, which is Christian, in Armenia’s conflict with Azerbaijan over the Nagorno- Karabakh enclave. Battlecruisers in the United States and the United Kingdom, 1902-1922. In September 2014, Kazakhstan’s President Nursultan Nazarbayev held talks with President Rouhani and expressed the hope that a JCPOA would be achieved, enabling Iran to better integrate economically into the Central Asian region.110 Kazakhstan played a role in the commercial arrangements that produced the late December 2015 shipment out to Russia of almost all of Iran’s stockpile of low-enriched uranium, an action that fulfilled a key requirement of the JCPOA. Sales to Iran of most conventional arms (arms on a U.N. 97 Report of the Secretary-General on the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 2231 (2015). “China’s Navy Sends Ships for Exercises with Iran.” New York Times, September 22, 2014. During the coronavirus pandemic, however, things seem to be a little different. The communique of the GCC summit in December 2016 again strongly backing the UAE position. Through its Qods (Jerusalem) Force (QF), the IRGC has a foreign policy role in exerting influence throughout the region by supporting pro-Iranian movements and leaders. 23 “Leader Says West Knows Iran Not Seeking ‘Nuclear Weapons,’” Vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran Network, (continued...). Reflecting apparent concern about the U.S. military presence in Afghanistan, Iran reportedly tried to derail the U.S.-Afghanistan Bilateral Security Agreement (BSA), signed in September 2014. UAE intervention in Yemen is, in large part, intended to blunt what the UAE views as expanding Iranian regional influence, and the UAE blames Iran for arming the Houthi rebels in Yemen that used Iran-supplied anti-ship missiles to damage a UAE naval vessel in the Bab el-Mandeb Strait in late 2016. Its prospects for being admitted have increased now that the JCPOA is being implemented, but the process of accession is complicated and might yet take several years. Bahrain has consistently accused Iran of supporting radical Shiite factions that are part of a broader and mostly peaceful uprising begun in 2011 by mostly Shiite demonstrators.52 Providing some corroboration to the Bahraini assertions, the State Department report on international terrorism for 2015 stated that. April 4, 2016. ), Documents, Official and Unofficial, Relating to the Capture and Destruction of the Frigate Philadelphia at Tripoli - 1850, Documents Related to the Resignation of the German Commander in Chief, Navy, Grand Admiral Raeder and to the Decommissioning of the German High Seas Fleet, DoD Rules for Military Commissions - 2006, Elementary Map and Aerial Photograph Reading, Emancipation Proclamation, Navy general Order No. Russia delayed opening the plant apparently to pressure Iran on the nuclear issue, but it became provisionally operational in September 2012. In September 2014, two Chinese warships docked at. Perhaps in an attempt to diversify gas export routes, President Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov signaled in 2007 that Turkmenistan sought to develop a trans-Caspian gas pipeline. The IRGC-QF commander, Brigadier General Qassem Soleimani, reportedly has an independent channel to Khamene’i. In June 2009, Kata’ib Hezbollah was designated by the State Department as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO). Iran also seeks full membership regional organizations including the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The well-known boxing promotion, headed by Oscar De La Hoya, filed an application last month with the California. Carla Esparza vs. Amanda Ribas set for UFC 256 - 33:32. They also share significant common interests with Iran, which Iran used to foster cooperation against U.S. sanctions. 67 Michael Gordon, “Iran Supplying Syrian Military Via Iraqi Airspace,” New York Times, September 5, 2012. 62 Michael Gordon and Motoko Rich. Supreme Leader Khamene’i has repeatedly described Israel as a “cancerous tumor” that should be removed from the region. 292 (1882) Establishment of the Office of Intelligence, General Order No. See the complete profile on LinkedIn and discover Bakha's connections and jobs at similar companies. Iran has had close relations with the government of Sudan since the early 1990s, but that relationship appears to have frayed substantially as Sudan has moved closer to Iran’s rival, Saudi Arabia since 2014. Source: Testimony of U.S. intelligence community officials, 2005-2017, various press; NSC press briefing for journalists, February 1, 2017. During his November 2015 visit to Iran, Putin announced a resumption of civilian nuclear cooperation with Iran, potentially including reprocessing enriched uranium. The Russian use of the base ran counter to Iran’s constitution, which bans foreign use of Iran’s military facilities, and Iran subsequently ended the arrangement because Russia publicized the access. The FY2013 national defense authorization act (P.L. Source: Created by CRS. Most of Uzbekistan’s natural gas production is for domestic consumption. Its leaders consistently claim that Iran is agitating Bahrain’s Shiite community, some of which is of Persian origin, to try to overturn Bahrain’s power structure. amp video_youtube. Response, coordinated by Christopher M. Blanchard. Omani officials assert that engagement with Iran is a more effective means to moderate Iran’s foreign policy than to isolate or threaten Iran, and Oman has the most consistent and extensive engagement with Iran’s leadership. Iran cites its support for Sunni groups such as Hamas, Palestine Islamic Jihad—Shiqaqi Faction, as evidence that it is not pursuing a sectarian agenda. This position differs dramatically from that of the Shah of Iran, whose government maintained relatively normal relations with Israel. On the other hand, Egypt has not sought Asad’s ouster in Syria, giving Egypt and Iran some common ground on a major issue. As part of this effort, there have been several recent missile defense sales including PAC-3 sales to UAE, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia; and the advanced “THAAD” (Theater High Altitude Area Defense) to the UAE (for which delivery began in December 2015). Another means of acquiring fissile material for a nuclear weapon is to reprocess plutonium, a material that would be produced by Iran’s heavy water plant at Arak. As noted earlier, Iran supports some Sunni Muslim groups that further Tehran’s interests. Since sanctions on Iran were lifted, Iran and Oman have accelerated their joint development of the Omani port of Duqm which Iran envisions as a trading and transportation outlet for Iran. I & II, The Invasion of Southern France: Aerology and Amphibious Warfare, Iran's Nuclear Program: Recent Developments, Irregular Enemies and the Essence of Strategy, Islam: A Primer - Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, Instructions for Painting and Cementing Vessels of the United States Navy, Japanese Interrogation Of Prisoners Of War, Japanese Naval and Merchant Shipping Losses - WWII, Japanese Operational Aircraft CinCPOA 105-45, Japanese Operational Aircraft CinCPOA 105-45 Revised, Japanese Radio Communications and Radio Intelligence CinCPOA 5-45, Japanese - Smithsonian War Background Study, Journal of the Disasters in Afghanistan, 1841-2, Kosovo Naval Lessons Learned During Operation Allied Force, Lost of Flight 19 Official Accident Reports, Landing Operations Doctrine, USN, FTP-167, Appendix A: Convention For the Adaption to Maritime War of the Principles of the Geneva Convention - X Hague, 1907, Appendix B: Convention Concerning the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers in Maritime War - XIII Hague, 1907, Appendix C: Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick, Appendix D: Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded, Sick, and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea of August 12, 1949, Appendix E: Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War of August 12, 1949, Appendix F: Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of August 12, 1949, Letter from President Harry S. Truman to Secretary of the Navy James V. Forrestal regarding the Five-Star Rank, Lengthy Deployment: The Jeannette Expedition In Arctic Waters, List of Authorized Abbreviations for Use in Bureau of Naval Personnel Messages (1958), List of Patrol Squadron Deployments to Korea During the War, Living Conditions in the 19th Century US Navy, Log of the trip of the president to the Casablanca Conference 9-31 January, 1943, Loss of Flight 19 Official Accident Reports, LSU Squadron Two Thanksgiving Dinner November 22 1951, Magic Background of Pearl Harbor Vol. In May 2013, the Argentine prosecutor in the AMIA bombing case, Alberto Nisman, issued a 500-page report alleging that Iran has been working for decades in Latin America, setting up intelligence stations in the region by utilizing embassies, cultural organizations, and even mosques as a source of recruitment. Russia and Iran reportedly are negotiating for Russia to build at least two additional nuclear power plants in Iran. Iran might seek to finalize major regional economic projects that benefit the whole region, including development of oil and gas fields in the Caspian Sea; gas pipeline linkages between Iran and Kuwait, Bahrain, and Oman; the Iran- Pakistan natural gas pipeline; the development of the Chabahar port; and transportation routes linking Central Asia to China. 99 For analysis on Turkey’s foreign policy and U.S. relations, see CRS Report R44000, Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations In Brief, by Jim Zanotti. Even though it engages the Afghan government, Tehran has in the recent past sought leverage against U.S. forces in Afghanistan and in any Taliban-Afghan government peace settlement. All are named as FTOs by the State Department. U.S. arms sales to the GCC countries have improved GCC air and naval capabilities and their interoperability with U.S. forces, as well as border and maritime security. 22 In November 2006, the IAEA, at U.S. urging, declined to provide technical assistance to the Arak facility on the grounds that it was likely for proliferation purposes. 16 http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/iranians-are-terrified-irans-isis-nightmare-10856. 45, USS New Orleans CA32 War Damage Report No. Despite the similar ethnicity, the two do not share a border and the population of Tajikistan is mostly Sunni. Russia has. Yuriorkis Gamboa schließt Promotervertrag mit Golden Boy. Add to it that Golden Boy will no doubt properly. U.S. officials have expressed strong support for the project as “a very positive step forward and sort of a key example of what we're seeking with our New Silk Road Initiative, which aims at regional integration to lift all boats and create prosperity across the region.”108, Iran and Tajikistan share a common Persian language, as well as literary and cultural ties. On December 21, 2016, President Rouhani visited Armenia to discuss a Persian Gulf- Black Sea transit and transport corridor.100. At the same time, the lifting of sanctions on Iran has caused Azerbaijan to consider altering its policy toward Iran somewhat for mutual benefit. Leadership, and Geopolitical Challenges in Asia, by Susan V. Lawrence. Syria is the key conduit through which the IRGC-QF arms and assists Hezbollah. Iran employs a number of different methods and mechanisms to implement its foreign policy, some of which involve supporting armed factions that engage in international acts of terrorism. One fatality, Navy diver Robert Stetham. Combat Aircraft/Helicopters: 330+ Includes 25 MiG-29 and 30 Su-24. “Iran Courts Latin America.” Middle East Quarterly, Summer 2012. http://www.meforum.org/3297/ iran-latin-america. All of the Central Asian states are inhabited in the majority by Sunnis, and several have active Sunni Islamist opposition movements. 147 http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/24/us-iran-usa-sanctions-idUSTRE74N47R20110524. President Rouhani, in contrast, has stated that the JCPOA is “a beginning for creating an atmosphere of friendship and co-operation with various countries.”. Iran could further increase its assistance to hardline opposition factions in Bahrain, which has apparently been limited to date to only small, militant underground groups. The relationship included visits to India by Iranian naval personnel, although India said these exchanges involved junior personnel and focused mainly on promoting interpersonal relations and not on India’s provision to Iran of military expertise. IAEA findings that Iran researched a nuclear explosive device cast doubt on Iran’s assertions of purely peaceful intent for its nuclear program. In the event of confrontation, Iran could try to retaliate against an adversary through terrorist attacks inside the United States or against U.S. embassies and facilities in Europe or the Persian Gulf. Bombing of Argentine-Jewish Mutual Association (AMIA) building in Buenos Aires. 17 See, for example. Latin America. Taliban fighters killed nine Iranian diplomats at Iran’s consulate in Mazar-e-Sharif in August 1998, prompting Iran to mobilize ground forces to the Afghan border. Yemen has been unstable since the 2011 “Arab Spring” uprisings, which, in Yemen, forced longtime President Ali Abdullah Saleh to resign in January 2012. At a leadership level, Khamene’i has rarely traveled outside Iran as Supreme Leader, but Iran’s presidents travel outside Iran regularly and Khamene’i did so during his presidency (1981-1989), including to U.N. General Assembly meetings in New York. 61 Paul Richter and Alexandra Davis. Would Overthrow Iranian Government If It Could—Media.” Reuters, February 8, 2014. Various regional powers might establish or expand military cooperation with Iran, a development that could strengthen Iran’s conventional capabilities. In Afghanistan, Iran is pursuing a multi-track strategy by helping develop Afghanistan economically, engaging the central government, supporting pro-Iranian groups and, at times, arming insurgent fighters. The UAE, in particular, has actively sought allies in Africa that might be willing to help counter Iran, particularly in Yemen. Iran reduced its support to Hamas in its brief 2014 conflict with Israel as compared to previous Hamas-Israel conflicts in which Iran backed Hamas extensively. In describing the tension between some of these motivations, one expert has said that Iran faces constant decisions about whether it is a "nation or a cause." 2 Iranian leaders appear to constantly weigh the relative imperatives of their revolutionary and . Bahrain, ruled by the Sunni Al Khalifa family and still in the throes of unrest among its majority Shiite population, is a strident critic of Iran. The following sections cover those countries in the Caucasus and South and Central Asia that have significant economic and political relationships with Iran. 5 fatalities. 102 For more information, see CRS Report RS20871, Iran Sanctions, by Kenneth Katzman. Iranian-origin residents of Dubai emirate number about 300,000, and many Iranian-owned businesses are located there, including branch offices of large trading companies based in Tehran and elsewhere in Iran. 7-5700 He's on a 2-fight streak against weak opposition. 14 The text of the section on Iran can be found at http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2015/index.htm. Based on indictments and the investigative information that has been revealed, there is a broad consensus that these attacks were carried out by Hezbollah operatives, assisted by Iranian diplomats and their diplomatic privileges. Canelo Alvarez sues Oscar De La Hoya, Golden Boy Promotions, and DAZN for breach of contract UFC News Tyron Woodley willing to take point deduction to land low blow on Colby Covington The Golden Boy has fought five times in the UFC since earning a contract with the promotion during Dana White’s Contender Series in 2018. In February 2016, Iran’s Defense Minister Hosein Dehgan visited Moscow reportedly to discuss purchasing Su-30 combat aircraft, T-90 tanks, helicopters, and other defense equipment. Iran has participated in multilateral negotiations to try to resolve the civil conflict in Syria, most recently in partnership primarily with Russia and Turkey. There are persistent reports that Iran-North Korea missile cooperation is extensive. 248 (1880) Correct and General Understanding of Signals, General Order No. Related Article Report: Elizeu Zaleski Dos Santos Faces Shavkat Rakhmonov At UFC 254 De La Hoya, 47, recently announced his return to the boxing ring and White made the following crack about it over the weekend. The increase in activity by Islamic State and Al Qaeda-affiliated Sunni extremist movements in Africa could cause Iran to increase its focus on politics and security issues in the region, and Iran remains positioned to intervene more actively if it chooses to do so. The GCC states are pivotal to U.S. efforts to counter Iran. 4 Erik Slavin. 89 Kenneth Katzman. Iran has sought to join the United States and Europe-dominated World Trade Organization (WTO) since the mid-1990s. Past. In Syria, the IRGC-QF has, most notably, facilitated the deployment to Syria of an estimated 5,000 Hezbollah militiamen—a sizeable proportion of Hezbollah’s force.80 Iran also helped. Sale of the system did not technically violate U.N. Navy controlled). These issues are discussed in greater detail in CRS Report R43333, Iran Nuclear Agreement, by Kenneth Katzman and Paul K. Kerr. There are regular scheduled flights from several European countries to Iran, and many Iranian students attend European universities. De La Hoya, who founded Golden Boy Promotions, has an estimated net worth of $200 million. 1 Austrian 6-pounder Howitzer with cutout, No. 3 Khamene’i: “U.S. As of March 2016, Iran was said to be readying the Simorgh vehicle for a space launch, but no launch has taken place to date. The Trump Administration characterized the January 29, 2017, Iranian missile test as a Shahab test, adding that Iran would begin production of the Shahab by March 2017. Both Iran and Syria have historically used Hezbollah as leverage against Israel to try to achieve regional and territorial aims. President Berdymukhamedov has revived his predecessor’s 1996 proposal to build a gas pipeline through Afghanistan to Pakistan and India (termed the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India, or “TAPI” pipeline). 119 John Lancaster and Kamran Khan, “Pakistanis Say Nuclear Scientists Aided Iran,” Washington Post, January 24, 2004. In February 2009, Iran successfully launched a small, low-earth satellite on a Safir-2 rocket (range about 155 miles). The IRGC Navy and regular Navy (Islamic Republic of Iran Navy, IRIN) are distinct forces; the IRIN has responsibility for the Gulf of Oman, whereas the IRGC Navy has responsibility for the closer-in Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz. In concert with the Saudi-Iran dispute over the execution of Nimr al Nimr, the UAE recalled its Ambassador from Iran in January 2016. Iran reportedly also seeks to buy the S-400 anti-aircraft system from Russia. Israeli leaders describe an Iranian nuclear weapon as a threat to Israel’s existence. 53 State Department Terrorist Designations of Ahmad Hasan Yusuf and Alsayed Murtadha Majeed Ramadhan Alawi. The United States and Israel have a broad program of cooperation on missile defense as well as on defenses against shorter range rockets and missiles such as those Iran supplies to Lebanese Hezbollah. Hezbollah now plays a major role in decisionmaking and leadership selections in Lebanon, including the late 2016 accession of Michel Aoun as President, and its militia is in many ways more capable than the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF). U.N. Security Council Resolution 2231 of July 20, 2015, endorsed the JCPOA and contains restrictions (less stringent than in Resolution 1929) on Iran’s importation or exportation of conventional arms (for up to five years), and on development and testing of ballistic missiles capable of delivering a nuclear weapon (for up to eight years). 25 http://isis-online.org/uploads/isis-reports/documents/IAEA_Iran_Safeguards_Report_14Nov2013.pdf. 19 http://www.crethiplethi.com/subversion-and-exporting-the-islamic-revolution-in-latin-america/islamic-countries/ iran-islamic-countries/2012/. In July 2012, President Obama stated that Iran-Venezuela ties have not had “a serious national security impact on the United States.”145 Very few of the economic agreements announced were implemented. Hamas seized control of the Gaza Strip in 2007 and now administers that territory, although it formally ceded authority over Gaza in June 2014 to a consensus Palestinian Authority government. In the 112th Congress, the Countering Iran in the Western Hemisphere Act, requiring the Administration to develop a strategy to counter Iran’s influence in Latin America, was enacted (H.R. This appears to be the first time the Islamic Republic gave a foreign military use of Iran’s military facilities.42, Iran and India have a “strategic dialogue” and some Iranian naval officers reportedly underwent some training in India in the 1990s. Iran has claimed additional satellite launches since, including the launch and return of a vehicle carrying a small primate in December 2013. The Defense Department report for FY2015 on Iran’s. Former President Ahmadinejad built ties to some African countries, both Christian and Muslim-dominated, but most African countries apparently did not want to risk their relationships with the United States by broadening relations with Iran. On February 1, 2017, a National Security Council official gave an assessment of Iran- Houthi relations that was similar to that asserted by the Obama Administration—that Iran “equips and advises” and is a “key supporter” of the Houthis but does not assess Iran as “having control” over the Houthis.”95 Some Houthi sources estimate Iran has supplied the group with “tens of millions of dollars” total over the past few years.96, There appears to be clear evidence that Iran is arming the Houthis, including with cruise missiles that are of increasing concern to U.S. commanders. He went to several of the countries that Foreign Minister Zarif did when Zarif met with leaders in Cuba, Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Venezuela in August 2016—the. Iran has put forward proposals for a peaceful transition in Syria that would culminate in free, multiparty elections. Kuwait also exchanges leadership-level visits with Iran; Kuwait’s Amir Sabah al-Ahmad Al Sabah visited Iran in June 2014, meeting with Rouhani and Supreme Leader Khamene’i. 12 Farzin Nadimi. With sanctions eased, Iran is open to additional opportunities to cooperate with Kazakhstan on energy projects. 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